Module posixpath

Common operations on Posix pathnames.

Instead of importing this module directly, import os and refer to
this module as os.path.  The "os.path" name is an alias for this
module on Posix systems; on other systems (e.g. Mac, Windows),
os.path provides the same operations in a manner specific to that
platform, and is an alias to another module (e.g. macpath, ntpath).

Some of this can actually be useful on non-Posix systems too, e.g.
for manipulation of the pathname component of URLs.

Functions

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_resolve_link(path)
Internal helper function.

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abspath(path)
Return an absolute path.

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basename(p)
Returns the final component of a pathname

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commonprefix(m)
Given a list of pathnames, returns the longest common leading component

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dirname(p)
Returns the directory component of a pathname

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exists(path)
Test whether a path exists.

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expanduser(path)
Expand ~ and ~user constructions.

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expandvars(path)
Expand shell variables of form $var and ${var}.

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getatime(filename)
Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat().

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getctime(filename)
Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat().

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getmtime(filename)
Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat().

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getsize(filename)
Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat().

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isabs(s)
Test whether a path is absolute

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isdir(path)
Test whether a path is a directory

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isfile(path)
Test whether a path is a regular file

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islink(path)
Test whether a path is a symbolic link

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ismount(path)
Test whether a path is a mount point

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join(a, *p)
Join two or more pathname components, inserting '/' as needed

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lexists(path)
Test whether a path exists.

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normcase(s)
Normalize case of pathname.

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normpath(path)
Normalize path, eliminating double slashes, etc.

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realpath(filename)
Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path.

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samefile(f1, f2)
Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file

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sameopenfile(fp1, fp2)
Test whether two open file objects reference the same file

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samestat(s1, s2)
Test whether two stat buffers reference the same file

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split(p)
Split a pathname.

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splitdrive(p)
Split a pathname into drive and path.

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splitext(p)
Split the extension from a pathname.

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walk(top, func, arg)
Directory tree walk with callback function.

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Variables

[hide private]

_varprog = False

altsep = False

curdir = '.'

defpath = ':/bin:/usr/bin'

devnull = '/dev/null'

extsep = '.'

pardir = '..'

pathsep = ':'

sep = '/'

supports_unicode_filenames = False

Function Details

[hide private]

_resolve_link(path)

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Internal helper function.  Takes a path and follows symlinks
until we either arrive at something that isn't a symlink, or
encounter a path we've seen before (meaning that there's a loop).

exists(path)

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Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links

expanduser(path)

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Expand ~ and ~user constructions.  If user or $HOME is unknown,
do nothing.

expandvars(path)

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Expand shell variables of form $var and ${var}.  Unknown variables
are left unchanged.

lexists(path)

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Test whether a path exists.  Returns True for broken symbolic links

normcase(s)

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Normalize case of pathname.  Has no effect under Posix

split(p)

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Split a pathname.  Returns tuple "(head, tail)" where "tail" is
everything after the final slash.  Either part may be empty.

splitdrive(p)

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Split a pathname into drive and path. On Posix, drive is always
empty.

splitext(p)

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Split the extension from a pathname.  Extension is everything from the
last dot to the end.  Returns "(root, ext)", either part may be empty.

walk(top, func, arg)

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Directory tree walk with callback function.

For each directory in the directory tree rooted at top (including top
itself, but excluding '.' and '..'), call func(arg, dirname, fnames).
dirname is the name of the directory, and fnames a list of the names of
the files and subdirectories in dirname (excluding '.' and '..').  func
may modify the fnames list in-place (e.g. via del or slice assignment),
and walk will only recurse into the subdirectories whose names remain in
fnames; this can be used to implement a filter, or to impose a specific
order of visiting.  No semantics are defined for, or required of, arg,
beyond that arg is always passed to func.  It can be used, e.g., to pass
a filename pattern, or a mutable object designed to accumulate
statistics.  Passing None for arg is common.